Mesothelioma Cure News

Pathology of Mesothelioma-Microscopic features

2010-06-08T03:08:00.002-07:00

In diffuse mesothelioma epithelial DMM are the most commonly diagnosed histologic type.

1. Tubulopapillary Pattern: Mixture of small tubules and papillary structures with fibrovascular cores, often with clefts and trabeculae. In Well differentiated tumours the fibrohyaline papillae are lined by neoplastic mesothelial cells -(uniformly cuboidal cells with large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli ). Psammoma bodies may be present. Image Link

D/D: Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pleura.

2. Acinar Pattern: Characterized by acinar or glandlike structures.

D/D: Metastatic adenocarcinoma.

3. Adenomatoid Pattern (also termed microglandular): Small gland-like structures lined by bland flat to cuboidal cells.

D/D: Metastatic adenocarcinoma.

4. Small cell pattern : Sheets of monotonous small hyperchromatic uniform cells with a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio.

D/D: This variant may mimic small cell carcinoma or lymphoma. Nuclear karyorrhexis and haematoxyphilic vessels are not a feature in mesothelioma . Lymphoma is distinguished from small cell variant of mesothelioma by immunohistochemical examination.

5. Deciduoid Pattern: Identified in the pleura of elderly patients. Histologically the tumour is characterized by proliferation of large, round to polygonal cells with sharp cell borders, abundant glassy eosinophilic cytoplasm, and round vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli

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Pathology of malignant mesothelioma.

2010-06-08T03:08:00.001-07:00

Abstract

The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma can pose several problems to the surgical pathologist. First, the morphological appearances of the tumour are known to be diverse with mimicry of a range of both reactive and neoplastic conditions. Second, due to the relative inaccessibility of the serosa, biopsy material is often scanty and fragmentary, producing a plethora of interpretive ambiguities. Third, adjunct techniques such as mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, whilst useful in excluding malignant mesothelioma have little role in confirming the diagnosis. The accurate diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma is important for two reasons: (1) In relation to prognosis as it has an almost invariable fatal outcome, which contrasts with the other mesothelial neoplasms such as the benign adenomatoid tumour and the borderline malignant tumours, namely the well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma and multicystic mesothelioma; (2) In relation to occupational-related compensation claims following asbestos exposure. This review summarizes the aetiology of asbestos-induced neoplasia, possible mechanisms of tumour development and highlights potential diagnostic pitfalls.

Mesothelioma Diagnosis - Mesothelioma Detection, Histopathology

2010-06-08T03:07:00.001-07:00

MESOTHELIOMA DIAGNOSIS

Mesothelioma diagnosis typically begins with a sufferer's visit to the doctor complaining of chronic chest pain. This pain is caused as a result of a buildup of fluid inside the pleural space; this is called pleural effusion and is the most common presenting symptom of malignant mesothelioma.

Preliminary mesothelioma detection can be achieved through a chest imagery scan (CT scan, x-ray); however, mesothelioma is often misdiagnosed as viral pneumonia at this stage because of certain symptomatic similarities between the two. The only way to definitively verify a suspected case of malignant mesothelioma is through a biopsy.

A biopsy is a relatively minor procedure (dependent on the location of the tumor) during which a small section of suspect tissue is removed. The removed section is examined by a histopathologist, an expert in the study of diseased tissue. Histopathological examination can confirm a case of malignant mesothelioma while also typing and staging it. Understanding the type and stage can help doctors suggest the best of treatment.

Mesothelioma

2010-06-08T03:05:00.001-07:00

Mesotheliomas form a spectrum of tumors that usually arise in the pleura or in the abdominal cavity. The malignant tumors arising within the pleura are strongly associated with prior asbestos exposure in up to 90% of cases. The time period from initial exposure to development of the cancer may range from 25-45 years and the lifetime risk of developing mesothelioma following heavy exposure ranges from 7-10%. It diffusely spreads through the pleural space, directly invading other thoracic structures and associated with pleural effusion. The underlying lung is usually encased within the tumor.

The abdominal peritoneal variant is also related to asbestos exposure and 50% of these patients may have pulmonary fibrosis. Although 50% of these cases may be limited to the abdominal cavity, intestinal obstruction is common frequently leading to death.

The classic histopathology of the mesothelioma is a biphasic tumor with both an epithelioid and sarcomatoid or spindle cell component. From this description, it can be readily appreciated how the diagnosis may be very difficult to confirm. The table below lists the major histologic variants of the tumor. The task of the pathologist is to separate the mesothelioma from its many mimics including adenocarcinoma from the lung (in pleural cases) and soft tissue sarcomas such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (in peritoneal cases). Immunoperoxidase studies and electron microscopy may aid in this distinction.

Unfortunately, the disease has a progressively downhill course. The importance in making the correct diagnosis is more of a medicolegal issue, because of the association of asbestos exposure, rather than a therapeutic one.

Diagnosis of Mesothelioma

2010-06-08T03:04:00.001-07:00

Mesothelioma is difficult for doctors to diagnose because it can be easily confused with other diseases. Even after a cancer diagnosis has been recognized, mesothelioma looks similar to other types of cancer in diagnostic tests. A biopsy and immunohistological analysis is needed, and even then other indicators are factored into the diagnosis, given the morphological variations that mesothelioma can appear in.

Your first step after receiving a mesothelioma diagnosis should be to discuss your case with your doctor. It is useful for the person diagnosed with mesothelioma to create a list of questions, including those from his or her family. Ask your doctor questions in different ways until all your questions have been answered. Following are some common questions that may arise after a diagnosis of mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma Diagnosis Information, Diagnosis of Mesothelioma

2010-06-08T03:00:00.000-07:00

Mesothelioma is not always diagnosed because the cancer is still unrecognizable. A mesothelioma diagnosis may often be classified as another condition because the symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses. Even today, a mesothelioma diagnosis can be classified as lung cancer, which is an entirely different disease. Mesothelioma is a cancer of the lining of the chest, lung, and abdominal cavity and has been linked to high levels of workplace and non-occupational exposure to asbestos. (See Mesothelioma Prognosis)

A mesothelioma diagnosis most commonly begins with a complete medical history review and physical examination of a patient who suffers from mesothelioma symptoms and signs including shortness of breath, chest pains, swollen abdomen, and more. The physical exam should involve a number of imaging tests to search for suspicious cell formation. These tests may include:

X-rays Chest or abdomen x-rays can reveal fluid build-up, masses, or signs of non-cancerous pleural disease.

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan A series of detailed images of the body. CT scans can locate pleural disease, chest wall invasions, and can guide fine needle aspiration tests. However, CT scans cannot differentiate between benign or malignant mesothelioma.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) MRI scans use a computer-linked magnet to photograph details of the inside of the body and can determine the severity of a tumor.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) PET imaging tests have become one of the most efficient ways of diagnosing mesothelioma tumors as well as determining the staging of the cancer.

Biopsy A needle biopsy is almost always necessary to confirm a mesothelioma diagnosis. In a biopsy, a sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to test for cancer cells. Depending on the location of the abnormal area, a biopsy can be done in different ways including:

Thoracoscopy - If the cancer is located in the pleura, a small incision will be made through the chest wall and a thoracoscope will be inserted to obtain a tissue sample.

Peritoneoscopy If the cancer is in the abdominal cavity, a doctor will use a peritoneoscope to obtain sample tissue for further examination.

If you or a loved one experience any symptoms of mesothelioma, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.

Please contact us today to learn more information about mesothelioma diagnosis or to speak with a qualified and experienced mesothelioma attorney who will protect your legal rights and interests

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Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma

2010-06-08T02:59:00.002-07:00

MESOTHELIOMA DIAGNOSIS

How is mesothelioma diagnosed?

A diagnosis of mesothelioma is most often obtained with careful assessment of clinical and radiological findings in addition to a confirming tissue biopsy. (Learn about typical mesothelioma symptoms.) A review of the patient's medical history, including history of asbestos exposure is taken, followed by a complete physical examination, x-rays of the chest or abdomen, and lung function tests. A CT scan or MRI may also be done at this time. If any of these preliminary tests prove suspicious for mesothelioma; a biopsy is necessary to confirm this diagnosis.

Imaging Techniques and Their Value in Diagnosing and Assessing Mesothelioma

There are several imaging techniques which may prove useful when malignant mesothelioma is suspected due to the presence of pleural effusion combined with a history of occupational or secondary asbestos exposure. While these imaging techniques can be valuable in assessing the possibility of the cancer, definitive diagnosis is still most often established through fluid diagnosis or tissue biopsy.

Some of the most commonly used imaging methods include:

• X-ray

A chest x-ray can reveal pleural effusion (fluid build-up) which is confined to either the right (60%) or left (40%) lung. On occasion, a mass may be seen. Signs of prior non-cancerous asbestos disease, such as pleural plaques or pleural calcification, or scarring due to asbestosis may also be noted.

• Computed Tomography (CT)

CT scans are also able to define pleural effusion, as well as pleural thickening, pleural calcification, thickening of interlobular fissures, or possible chest wall invasion. CT, however, is not able to differentiate between changes associated with benign asbestos disease (pleural disease), or differentiate between adenocarcinoma of the lung which may have spread to the pleura verses mesothelioma. CT scans may also be valuable in guiding fine needle aspiration of pleural masses for tissue diagnosis.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

MRI scans are most often used to determine the extent of tumor prior to aggressive treatment. Because they provide images in multiple planes, they are better able to identify tumors as opposed to normal structures. They are also more accurate than CT scans in assessing enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes (those lymph nodes which lie between the two lungs), as well as a clear diaphragmatic surface, both of which play an important role in surgical candidacy.

Finding a Mesothelioma Cancer Treatment Center - Help For Mesothelioma Patients

2010-06-08T02:59:00.001-07:00

The aftermath of a mesothelioma diagnosis can be a very stressful and overwhelming time for mesothelioma patients and their families. One of the many important decisions to make during this period is where to receive mesothelioma treatment. There are several key factors to keep in mind when deciding on a cancer treatment center. With the help of your doctor and trusted family members, choosing a mesothelioma treatment center can allow you to exercise a certain degree of control over the course of your mesothelioma treatment. Above all, it is important to remember that the goal of choosing a mesothelioma cancer treatment center is to to find a facility that you feel comfortable with and a dedicated medical that team you trust.

When choosing a mesothelioma cancer treatment center, first the mesothelioma patient must decide if he or she wants to be treated at a cancer facility that specializes in treating mesothelioma cancer, or one that treats patients with a number of different kinds of cancer. Next, the mesothelioma patient must decide whether to choose a mesothelioma hospital that offers traditional types of treatment (such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation) or non-traditional types of mesothelioma treatment (such as clinical trials that test new drugs). Once you have established the criteria you are looking for in a mesothelioma treatment center, come up with a list of cancer hospitals that fit your needs by asking your doctor, family members, friends, and cancer organizations for suggestions.

After you have developed a list of potential mesothelioma hospitals that fit your criteria, you must evaluate each one in order to determine which one is the best choice for you. Learning the answers to the following questions can help you decide which mesothelioma cancer center will best serve your needs.

1. Has the mesothelioma cancer center been recognized by one or more respected organizations such as the National Cancer Institute, American College of Surgeons, or Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations?

2. Is the medical staff at the cancer center familiar with the treatment of mesothelioma?

3. Does the mesothelioma hospital offer a variety of mesothelioma treatment options?

4. If the mesothelioma cancer treatment center is not located near your home, is the medical staff there willing and able to coordinate your care with your local doctors?

5. Is medical care at the mesothelioma cancer hospital covered under your insurance plan?

Visiting the mesothelioma treatment center and talking to current patients (if possible) are additional steps you can take to ensure that you feel confident that you are choosing the right facility. Your primary care physician, any mesothelioma doctors or cancer specialists you have seen, and your family members can also provide support and guidance as you make this important decision. Remember, you have the right to choose where you are treated. Make sure you are comfortable with the facility, mesothelioma doctors, and mesothelioma treatment regimen you will be receiving at the cancer center you choose.

Mesothelioma Treatment - Malignant Mesothelioma Information

2010-06-08T02:58:00.001-07:00

Mesothelioma treatments have thus far been unable to limit the spread of the deadly cancer. Treatments for mesothelioma are divided into two categories: traditional mesothelioma treatments and new mesothelioma treatments. Traditional mesothelioma treatments are the same as those used to treat most other cancers, and include:

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy (radiotherapy)

Traditional mesothelioma treatments are often used in conjunction with one another in an effort to provide the most thorough and effective care. For example, trimodality therapy combines all three traditional methods of treatment. First, chemotherapy is administered with the aim of slowing the growth of malignant mesothelioma.

Next, surgery designed to physically remove a mesothelioma tumor mass is performed (extrapleural pneumonectomy is often performed as part of trimodality therapy). In the final step, postoperative radiation therapy is used to target any lingering mesothelioma cells. Although trimodality therapy has been unable to eradicate malignant mesothelioma, it has proven to be effective in prolonging patients' survival time by as much as five years (the average post-diagnosis survival time is one to two years).

New mesothelioma treatments have been researched and developed with the hope of succeeding where traditional methods have not. Mesothelioma researchers are optimistic that new mesothelioma treatment modalities will eventually prove to be successful, though they have yet to yield results that are any better than traditional methods.

New treatments for mesothelioma include:

Development of new chemotherapy agents
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Immunotherapy
Gene therapy

As with other cancerous diseases, the progression of mesothelioma is typically broken into stages, with the treatment options based on the stage of the disease.

Stages of Mesothelioma

The staging commonly used for mesothelioma is the Brigham staging system, and it can be described as follows:

Stage 1 occurs when the tumor lies completely within the capsule of the

pleura, without swollen lymph nodes (adenopathy).

Stage 2 has the characteristics of Stage 1, except that the tumor has spread and there is presence of adenopathy. The boundaries of the tumor still allow for a resection (removal of the tumor) without cutting into other organs.

Stage 3 includes extension of the disease into the chest wall or into the heart, through the diaphragm or peritoneum, or outside the pleura to involve the lymph nodes.

Stage 4 occurs when the cancer has formed in distant organs through metastases.

Unfortunately, none of the treatment strategies have been shown to be particularly effective against the disease. As a result, doctors often focus more on alleviating discomfort. For example, pleural effusion (buildup of fluid in the pleural space) can be treated by extracting the excess fluid, a procedure known as thoracentesis.

To learn more about what to expect following diagnosis, refer to our article on mesothelioma prognosis.

Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment - National Cancer Institute

2010-06-08T02:56:00.000-07:00

Malignant mesothelioma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lining of the chest or abdomen.

Malignant mesothelioma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the pleura (the thin layer of tissue that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs) or the peritoneum (the thin layer of tissue that lines the abdomen and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). This summary is about malignant mesothelioma of the pleura.

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Mesothelioma Treatment, Options & Guidelines, Asbestos Cancer ...

2010-06-08T02:45:00.000-07:00

Mesothelioma Treatment

Treatment options for mesothelioma vary from patient-to-patient and may include traditional treatments, alternative treatments, new treatments, or some combination thereof. Since mesothelioma is such a rare disease, patients who have been diagnosed may wish to seek treatment from a specialist or team of specialists. There are dozens of mesothelioma treatment centers across the United States, each with its own unique treatment options and offerings

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Mesothelioma Treatment Options - Guidelines for Treating Mesothelioma

2010-06-08T02:33:00.002-07:00

Mesothelioma Treatments

There are several types of treatment available for patients with mesothelioma, some recommended more frequently than others. The most commonly used treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In addition, some experimental treatments are becoming more widely used, or are showing some encouraging results in clinical trials. These treatments include photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, among others.

In an effort to help patients understand mesothelioma, Asbestos.com offers a complimentary packet that contains treatment information tailored to your specific diagnosis. The packet also covers the nation's top mesothelioma doctors and cancer centers, as well as financial assistance options to help cover medical costs. To receive your packet in the mail, please enter your information below.

Mesothelioma Treatment Options - Surgery, Chemotherapy, and More

2010-06-08T02:33:00.001-07:00

MESOTHELIOMA TREATMENT OPTIONS

The treatment program for mesothelioma depends on many factors, including: the stage of the cancer, where the cancer is, how far the cancer has spread, how the cancer cells look under the microscope and the patient’s age and desires.

TIME MATTERS

People diagnosed with this disease are often told the expected survival rate is only eight to twelve months. However, specialists in treating malignant mesothelioma at the leading cancer centers often have better statistics.

For instance, the five-year survival rate has approached 40% for selected patients of Dr. David Sugarbaker at Brigham and Women’s Center in Boston. To qualify for Dr. Sugarbaker’s treatment you must meet certain criteria. One of them is being in the early stages of the disease, so time is of the essence. To find out more about Dr. Sugarbaker and other physicians and cancer centers specializing in mesothelioma click on Finding Specialists.

Keeping track of your medical treatment is useful and a personal medical records file can help.

Mesothelioma Symptoms - Warning Signs of Mesothelioma Cancer

2010-06-08T02:31:00.000-07:00

Mesothelioma Symptoms

A patient with mesothelioma often demonstrates symptoms 15 to 50 years after initial exposure to asbestos. The cancer may take decades to develop in the body and symptoms do not arise until after the cancer is present. Many patients are unaware of the severity of their condition since mesothelioma symptoms typically resemble symptoms of less serious illnesses.

If you have a history of asbestos exposure, the leading cause of mesothelioma, it is best to seek immediate medical advice. Informing your doctor of previous asbestos exposure can alert them to the possibility of an asbestos-related disease such as mesothelioma.

Early Symptoms of Mesothelioma

Unfortunately, there are practically no early symptoms of mesothelioma, which is why the disease is commonly diagnosed at a late stage of development. In the interest of early detection, those who were exposed to asbestos but have not yet exhibited symptoms should undergo regular chest X-rays or pulmonary function tests to monitor any adverse affects of asbestos inhalation.

When a doctor informs a patient of a mesothelioma diagnosis, patients and their loved ones are often very confused since the cancer is relatively unknown. Asbestos.com provides a complimentary packet with comprehensive information about mesothelioma symptoms and next-step guidance following a diagnosis.

Pleural Mesothelioma Symptoms

Pleural mesothelioma is the most common form of the cancer, comprising approximately two-thirds of all mesothelioma cases.

Known symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include:

Persistent dry or raspy cough (typically non-productive, meaning there is little or no phlegm)
Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia)
Night sweats or fever
Unexplained weight loss of 10 percent or more
Fatigue
Persistent pain in the chest or rib area, or painful breathing
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs even when at rest
The appearance of lumps under the skin on the chest

Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma occur as a result of thickening of the pleural membrane, caused by the rapid production of cancerous cells which can lead to the buildup of fluid between membrane layers. Tissue thickening and fluid buildup place pressure on the lungs, leading to reduced respiratory function.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma Symptoms

Peritoneal mesothelioma accounts for approximately 25 to 30 percent of mesothelioma diagnoses and symptoms may include:

Night sweats or fever
Unexplained weight loss
Swelling or pain in the abdomen
Anemia
Fatigue
Diarrhea or constipation (in general, any change in bowel habits or regularity)
Nausea or vomiting
The appearance of lumps under the skin on the abdomen

Symptoms are caused by the thickening of the peritoneal membrane and the resulting build-up of fluid between membrane layers. These changes in membrane composition put pressure on the abdominal region and organs, causing a patient to demonstrate symptoms of the cancer.

Pericardial Mesothelioma Symptoms

Pericardial mesothelioma accounts for less than 5 percent of all mesothelioma. Symptoms are caused by thickening of the pericardial membrane and fluid buildup. Known symptoms include:

Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat
Chest pain
Difficulty breathing, even when resting (dyspnea)
Fever or night sweats
Generalized fatigue

Pericardial mesothelioma is so rare that the recognized body of symptoms is not as well-developed as with more common types of mesothelioma. It is a particularly difficult type of mesothelioma to diagnose, and this correlates to a poor prognosis among pericardial mesothelioma patients.

Testicular Mesothelioma Symptoms

Testicular mesothelioma is an extremely rare form of cancer, as less than 100 cases of testicular mesothelioma have been recorded in the last 60 years. With so few cases recorded, very little is known about the symptoms of this disease. The only known symptom of testicular mesothelioma is the appearance of testicular lumps, and the lumps may or may not be painful.

Mesothelioma Diagnosis

2010-06-08T02:29:00.002-07:00

KazanLaw is a nationally recognized plaintiffs' asbestos law firm located in Oakland, CA. Our particular expertise is as mesothelioma lawyers in California – experienced attorneys fighting for victims of mesothelioma cancer, a disease that is a result of exposure to airborne asbestos fibers.

We built our reputation on asbestos litigation, representing people diagnosed with mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis and other asbestos-related diseases.

Mesothelioma Symptoms - Pleural Effusions and Other Symptoms of ...

2010-06-08T02:29:00.001-07:00

MESOTHELIOMA SYMPTOMS

The early symptoms of mesothelioma are generally non-specific, and may lead to a delay in diagnosis. Sometimes resembling viral pneumonia, pleural mesothelioma patients may present with shortness of breath, chest pain and/or persistent cough; some patients show no symptoms at all. A chest x-ray may show a build-up of fluid or pleural effusion (discussed below). The right lung is affected 60% of the time, with involvement of both lungs being seen in approximately 5% of patients at the time of diagnosis. Less common symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include fever, night sweats and weight loss. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include pain or swelling in the abdomen due to a build-up of fluid, nausea, weight loss, bowel obstruction, anemia or swelling of the feet.

PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THAT THESE SYMPTOMS MAY BE CAUSED BY MESOTHELIOMA OR BY OTHER LESS SERIOUS CONDITIONS. ONLY A DOCTOR CAN MAKE A DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS.

Information on the symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of peritoneal mesothelioma.

Information on the symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of pleural mesothelioma.

Pleural Effusion

One of the most common symptoms of mesothelioma is a pleural effusion, or an accumulation of fluid between the parietal pleura (the pleura covering the chest wall and diaphragm) and the visceral pleura (the pleura covering the lungs). Both of these membranes are covered with mesothelial cells which, under normal conditions, produce a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant between the chest wall and the lung. Any excess fluid is absorbed by blood and lymph vessels maintaining a balance. When too much fluid forms, the result is an effusion.

Types

Pleural effusion is broken down into two categories, transudates and exudates. A transudate is a clear fluid that forms not because the pleural surfaces are diseased, but because of an imbalance between the normal production and removal of the fluid. The most common cause of transudative fluid is congestive heart failure. An exudate, which is often cloudy and contains many cells and proteins, results from disease of the pleura itself, and is common to mesothelioma. To determine whether a fluid is a transudate or exudate, a diagnostic thoracentesis, in which a needle or catheter is used to obtain a fluid sample, may be conducted.

Symptoms

As the volume of fluid increases, shortness of breath, known as "dyspnea", and sometimes pain, ranging from mild to stabbing, may occur. Some patients may experience a dry cough. When the doctor listens to the patient’s chest with a stethoscope, normal breath sounds are muted, and tapping on the chest will reveal dull rather than hollow sounds.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pleural effusion is usually accomplished with a simple chest x-ray, although CT scans or ultrasound may also be used. A special x-ray technique, called a lateral decubitus film, may be used to detect smaller effusions or to enable the physician to estimate of the amount of fluid present. If the underlying cause of the effusion is readily apparent (such as in the case of severe congestive heart failure), sampling of the fluid may not be necessary, however, because pleural effusion may be symptomatic of a number of disease processes from benign to malignant, a fluid sample is generally taken. Diagnostic thoracentesis, in which cells are extracted from the pleural cavity, is commonly done when the possibility of mesothelioma exists, however, in up to 85% of cases, the fluid tests negative or inconclusive even though cancer is present. It is ultimately a needle biopsy of the pleura (lining of the lung) or an open surgical biopsy which confirms a mesothelioma diagnosis.

Treatment

Pleural effusion caused by heart failure or infection can usually be resolved by directing treatment at the cause, however, when testing has realized no diagnosis, and fluid continues to build or recur, doctors may recommend chest tube drainage and chemical pleurodesis. Chemical pleurodesis is a technique in which a sclerosing agent is used to abrade the pleural surfaces producing an adhesion between the parietal and visceral pleurae. This will prevent further effusion by eliminating the pleural space. Talc appears to be the most effective agent for pleurodesis, with a success rate of nearly 95%. It is highly effective when administered by either poudrage or slurry. Poudrage is the most widely used method of instilling talc into the pleural space. Before spraying the talc, the medical team removes all pleural fluid to completely collapse the lung. After the talc is administered, they inspect the pleural cavity to be sure the talc has been evenly distributed over the pleural surface. Some doctors prefer to use talc mixed with saline solution which forms a wet slurry that can roll around the pleural cavity.

Mesothelioma Facts and Information.

2010-06-08T02:28:00.001-07:00

Although asbestos is a widely proliferated material, few people understand the devastating effects this mineral can cause. It is doubtful anyone would have used it in so many applications had they only known the truth. A few staggering facts about mesothelioma include:

1. Historical facts about asbestos and mesothelioma

Asbestos has been used since ancient times. Greeks and Romans wove the fibers into tablecloths, napkins, and clothes, and threw them into fires to clean them. They also noted the slaves forced to deal with this material lived shorter lives and usually died of breathing or respiratory problems.

Asbestos was used extensively in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as modern industry drove the economies of Western Europe and the United States.

During the Second World War, hundreds of thousands of military personnel were exposed to asbestos on a large scale. Many of these servicepeople are now beginning to demonstrate symptoms of asbestos-related diseases.

Many asbestos companies knew the dangers of their products, but chose to ignore or downplay the role asbestos played in many illnesses.

The first reported death caused by asbestos exposure was documented in medical journals in 1924.

2. Modern facts about asbestos and mesothelioma

Over 10,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with mesothelioma or other asbestos-related conditions each year, 3,000 in the US alone.

It is estimated that over 110,000 schools in the United States still contain some form of asbestos.

Even though cigarette smoking does not cause mesothelioma, victims exposed asbestos who smoke suffer a 50-90% increase in the likelihood of developing lung cancers.

Asbestos has been banned or regulated in many industrialized countries around the world.

Post-diagnosis survival of mesothelioma is measured in months, because by the time the cancer is detected it is too advanced for treatment.

Because of the long dormancy of mesothelioma, experts speculate that there will be an increase of cases for the next 20 to 30 years.

3. Legal facts about asbestos and mesothelioma

The first lawsuit regarding asbestos injury was filled in 1966 in Texas against Johns-Manville, Fibreboard, Owens Corning Fibreglas and several other manufacturers.

Mesothelioma cases settle on average between $750,000 and $8 million.

More than half a million asbestos cases have been filed, with 50,000 in 1998 alone.

Up to 8 million people in the United States have been exposed to dangerous levels of asbestos. Asbestos still continues to pose a threat to workers in certain occupations.

New legislation before the Senate of the United States called the Hatch Bill could potentially limit the amount of compensation victims of asbestos-related diseases could receive.

4. What can you do if you are the victim of an asbestos-related disease or mesothelioma?

If you or someone you love is suffering from mesothelioma, you have rights. One way to take stand against the callous asbestos industry that put their profits ahead of your health is to take legal action against them. You may be entitled to financial compensation for your pain and suffering, but if you hesitate you may lose your chance for justice due to the statute of limitation laws in your state. Let us help you fight. Contact us today.

Kazan McClain Lyons Greenwood & Harley, Mesothelioma Law Firm

2010-06-08T02:27:00.000-07:00

Australian government will pay for asbestos cleanup following tornado

Australia's government has agreed to pay for the work required to clean up private property that had asbestos dumped on it by a tornado.

6/7/10

What is mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is a cancer of the cells that make up the lining around the outside of the lungs and inside of the ribs (pleura), or around the abdominal organs (peritoneum).

What does asbestos have to do with mesothelioma?
The only known cause of mesothelioma in the U.S. is previous exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos manufacturers knew about the hazards of asbestos seventy years ago - but they kept this knowledge to themselves. The first warnings to workers exposed to asbestos were given in the mid-1960s, and they were terribly inadequate. Even today, workers are not always told they are working around asbestos and are at risk for asbestos disease.

What can someone with mesothelioma do?

Seek out the best and most up-to-date information.
Seek out the best medical care.
Early screening for mesothelioma diagnosis.
Stay in close contact with your doctor.
Consider whether or not you want to bring a lawsuit because of this asbestos-related injury.
Remember that resources are available to you through community and medical support groups, asbestos victims' organizations, your place of worship, as well as your family and friends.

Mesothelioma Treatment Options

2010-06-05T23:03:00.000-07:00

Diagnosing mesothelioma has proven to be rather challenging, whether it is pleural mesothelioma or another form. Due to the fact that this disease is such an aggressive and very destructive cancer, victims are often faced with a slim chance of successful treatment. Even though all hope seems as if it is lost, exploiting all viable options is worth it.

Every case of mesothelioma is different in some way or another, however with the expanding options for mesothelioma treatment there are options that will be the best for you depending on a number of factors, such as age, health level and how far along the issue is. With the advancement that the medical field as made over the years, diagnostic tools such as x-rays, MRI's, CT Scans have made it easier for mesothelioma to be detected, these tools have made the difference with mesothelioma treatment as early detection is vital to having a successful treatment and a higher survival rate.

The treatment for mesothelioma usually involves destroying the malignant cells and while preserving the healthy cells. There are a number of ways to accomplish this, at the present, mesothelioma victims have three options for treatment, these include,surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. The option that would be safe and successful for you would be based on a number of these factors:

*the type of mesothelioma and where the tumor or malignant cells are located.
*the size of the tumor.
*the age of the victim
*how far along the cancer has spread.
*the stage of the malignant cancer. advanced, beginning etc.
*last but not least the physical health of the victim.

Mesothelioma treatment may involve you seeing a number of doctors including an oncologist (cancer specialist), pulmonologist (lung specialist. These specialist have laid the basic foundation necessary for a mesothelioma cure. Mesothelioma is considered sucessful treated or cured if surgery or treatment was successful in eradicating all the malignant cells and completely removing all the cancer cells.

This is not to say that the cancer may or will not return, but at least it is one step closer to finding a total cure for the disease. With the many studies that have been taking place all over the world, we can remain hopeful that science has allowed us to make considerable advancements that will aid victims of mesothelioma to know that all hope is not lost.

Mesothelioma treatment is available, you want to ensure that you place your life in the hands of those who are reputable and will ensure that any treatment that takes place will be beneficial to you. Don't get sucked into practitioners, who are just concerned about make a profit off of your disease. Just because you have mesothelioma does not mean that all hope is lost.

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Mesothelioma Treatment Options - Surgery, Chemotherapy, and More

2010-06-05T23:02:00.000-07:00

MESOTHELIOMA TREATMENT OPTIONS

TIME MATTERS

Keeping track of your medical treatment is useful and a personal medical records file can help.

Mesothelioma & Lung Cancer Information

2010-06-05T23:01:00.002-07:00

Mesothelioma & Lung Cancer Information Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that develops in the tissues of cells that line the lungs, heart and stomach. These tissues are called mesothelial cells and they become infected by inhaling particles of dust from asbestos fibers. Once these cells become infected they dry up the fluids surrounding these major organs of the body and tumors begin to develop. The most common form is pleural mesothelioma which accounts for 75% of all malignant cases however there are two other types peritoneal, and pericardial which you may be interested in reading about.

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Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers - National Cancer Institute

2010-06-05T23:01:00.001-07:00

Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers

Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer in which malignant (cancerous) cells are found in the mesothelium, a protective sac that covers most of the body's internal organs. Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles.

What is the mesothelium?

The mesothelium is a membrane that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. It is composed of two layers of cells: One layer immediately surrounds the organ; the other forms a sac around it. The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating heart and the expanding and contracting lungs) to glide easily against adjacent structures.

The mesothelium has different names, depending on its location in the body. The peritoneum is the mesothelial tissue that covers most of the organs in the abdominal cavity. The pleura is the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the wall of the chest cavity. The pericardium covers and protects the heart. The mesothelial tissue surrounding the male internal reproductive organs is called the tunica vaginalis testis. The tunica serosa uteri covers the internal reproductive organs in women.
What is mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum.
How common is mesothelioma?

Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. About 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age.
What are the risk factors for mesothelioma?

Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure at work is reported in about 70 percent to 80 percent of all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.

Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestosis (a noncancerous, chronic lung ailment), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.

Smoking does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. However, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases a person's risk of developing cancer of the air passageways in the lung.
Who is at increased risk for developing mesothelioma?

Asbestos has been mined and used commercially since the late 1800s. Its use greatly increased during World War II. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, people who work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets limits for acceptable levels of asbestos exposure in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to lower their risk of exposure.

The risk of asbestos-related disease increases with heavier exposure to asbestos and longer exposure time. However, some individuals with only brief exposures have developed mesothelioma. On the other hand, not all workers who are heavily exposed develop asbestos-related diseases.

There is some evidence that family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers. To reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibers, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.
What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?

Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleura are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and abdominal pain and swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. It is important to see a doctor about any of these symptoms. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis.
How is mesothelioma diagnosed?

Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. A complete physical examination may be performed, including x-rays of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI may also be useful. A CT scan is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. In an MRI, a powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures are viewed on a monitor and can also be printed.

A biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. In a biopsy, a surgeon or a medical oncologist (a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer) removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a peritoneoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument called a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

If the diagnosis is mesothelioma, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of the disease. Staging involves more tests in a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.

Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.
How is mesothelioma treated?

Treatment for mesothelioma depends on the location of the cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient's age and general health. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes, these treatments are combined.
- Surgery is a common treatment for mesothelioma. The doctor may remove part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some of the tissue around it. For cancer of the pleura (pleural mesothelioma), a lung may be removed in an operation called a pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing, is also removed.
- Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation) or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found (internal radiation therapy).
- Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Most drugs used to treat mesothelioma are given by injection into a vein (intravenous, or IV). Doctors are also studying the effectiveness of putting chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen (intracavitary chemotherapy).
To relieve symptoms and control pain, the doctor may use a needle or a thin tube to drain fluid that has built up in the chest or abdomen. The procedure for removing fluid from the chest is called thoracentesis. Removal of fluid from the abdomen is called paracentesis. Drugs may be given through a tube in the chest to prevent more fluid from accumulating. Radiation therapy and surgery may also be helpful in relieving symptoms.
Are new treatments for mesothelioma being studied?

Yes. Because mesothelioma is very hard to control, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials (research studies with people) that are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments. Before any new treatment can be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and effective against the disease. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many patients with mesothelioma.

People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical trials is available from the Cancer Information Service (CIS) (see below) at 1–800–4–CANCER. Information specialists at the CIS use PDQ®, NCI's cancer information database, to identify and provide detailed information about specific ongoing clinical trials. Patients also have the option of searching for clinical trials on their own. The clinical trials page on the NCI's Cancer.gov Web site, located at http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials on the Internet, provides general information about clinical trials and links to PDQ.

People considering clinical trials may be interested in the NCI booklet Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies. This booklet describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. The booklet is available by calling the CIS, or from the NCI Publications Locator Web site at http://www.cancer.gov/publications on the Internet.

Mesothelioma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2010-06-05T23:00:00.002-07:00

Mesothelioma, more precisely malignant mesothelioma, is a rare form of cancer that develops from the protective lining that covers many of the body's internal organs, the mesothelium. It is usually caused by exposure to asbestos.[1]

Its most common site is the pleura (outer lining of the lungs and internal chest wall), but it may also occur in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), the heart,[2] the pericardium (a sac that surrounds the heart) or tunica vaginalis.

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or they have been exposed to asbestos dust and fiber in other ways. It has also been suggested that washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos can put a person at risk for developing mesothelioma.[3] Unlike lung cancer, there is no association between mesothelioma and smoking, but smoking greatly increases the risk of other asbestos-induced cancers.[4] Compensation via asbestos funds or lawsuits is an important issue in mesothelioma (see asbestos and the law).

The symptoms of mesothelioma include shortness of breath due to pleural effusion (fluid between the lung and the chest wall) or chest wall pain, and general symptoms such as weight loss. The diagnosis may be suspected with chest X-ray and CT scan, and is confirmed with a biopsy (tissue sample) and microscopic examination. A thoracoscopy (inserting a tube with a camera into the chest) can be used to take biopsies. It allows the introduction of substances such as talc to obliterate the pleural space (called pleurodesis), which prevents more fluid from accumulating and pressing on the lung. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or sometimes surgery, the disease carries a poor prognosis. Research about screening tests for the early detection of mesothelioma is ongoing.

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Mesothelioma: eMedicine Oncology

2010-06-05T23:00:00.001-07:00

Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure

2009-11-18T05:46:00.001-08:00

Exposure to asbestos has proven to result in a wide range of health conditions, including mesothelioma, a deadly cancer that attacks the lining of the lungs, heart, or abdomen. This rare form of cancer is almost exclusively caused by asbestos exposure. Due to a long latency period, mesothelioma symptoms (shortness of breath, severe cough, chest pain) may not appear for 20 or more years. For this reason, mesothelioma is often diagnosed in later stages of development, which severely complicates treatment and chances of survival. To learn more about this elusive and often puzzling disease, please review our extensive resources, featuring information on mesothelioma causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and more. We've compiled the most comprehensive and updated information on mesothelioma treatments, including traditional and unconventional treatments, alternative medicine and other therapies, and the latest in clinical trials, and more. Highlighting topics such as top doctors, associated tests, and cancer centers, our treatment section offers the most helpful information available to mesothelioma victims. Recent clinical studies have found that caffeine may prove to be beneficial in mesothelioma treatment and that the efficacy of current chemotherapy options is not as effective as once presumed. Make sure check back frequently for current research and advancements in mesothelioma treatments. Despite growing numbers of asbestos-related illness among those who have never worked with asbestos, the majority of people diagnosed with an asbestos-induced disease received exposure in an occupational setting. This is largely due to the likelihood of repeated exposures, as well as elevated levels of exposure, that occur throughout a range of occupations, industries, and jobsites. Some jobsites are widely known to be occupational sources of asbestos exposure, such as asbestos mines, processing plants, and manufacturing plants where asbestos products are produced. But a variety of other jobsites, ranging from shipyards to chemical and power plants to oil refineries, also bear a history of asbestos exposure. If you think you've been exposed to asbestos and have developed mesothelioma you can visit our mesothelioma lawyer section for more information on how you can receive compensation.This website offers a one-stop resource on all asbestos issues ranging from occupational exposure to mesothelioma treatment options. As the leading asbestos and mesothelioma resource, Asbestos.com offers more than 3000 pages of the most comprehensive and cutting edge information on the web. Source: asbestos.com/